Climate change is increasingly recognized as a material risk for financial institutions. As a risk professional, what are the primary categories of climate risk that financial institutions typically focus on when assessing and managing these exposures? Furthermore, how does the TCFD (Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures) framework guide institutions in identifying and disclosing these risks effectively?

气候变化日益成为金融机构面临的重要风险。作为一名风险专业人士，你认为金融机构在评估和管理气候风险时，通常会关注哪些主要的风险类别？TCFD（气候相关财务披露工作组）框架在这方面提供了怎样的指导，尤其是它如何帮助机构识别和披露这些风险？