You are a risk manager at a large financial institution. Recent "black swan" events have made tail risk particularly prominent, and your team is currently re-evaluating the use of VaR (Value at Risk) and ES (Expected Shortfall) as core metrics for internal risk capital measurement and regulatory reporting. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of VaR and ES in terms of their theoretical properties, practical applications, and effectiveness in capturing risk during market shocks. Given the current market environment, how would you choose or combine these two risk measures to more effectively manage and report the institution's overall risk?

假设你是一家大型金融机构的风险经理。最近市场经历了多次'黑天鹅'事件，尾部风险凸显。你的团队正在重新评估使用VaR (Value at Risk) 和 ES (Expected Shortfall) 作为内部风险资本计量和监管报告的核心指标。请你深入分析VaR和ES在理论属性、实务应用和市场冲击应对方面的优劣，并结合当前市场环境，阐述你会如何选择或结合使用这两种风险度量方法，以更有效地管理和报告机构的整体风险。